The shielding absorbs the harmful radiation emitted from the nuclear reactor which prevents from harmful effects like cancer etc
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Protection from Radiation: Shielding materials (such as lead or concrete) absorb harmful radiation (e.g., gamma rays and neutrons) produced during nuclear fission, protecting workers and the environment from exposure that can cause serious health issues, including radiation sickness and cancer.
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Containment of Radioactive Materials: Shielding helps to contain radioactive materials, preventing their release into the environment. This containment is crucial for ensuring the safety and security of both the facility and the surrounding areas.